What is the BRAT diet and why is it unsafe? (2024)

The BRAT diet is a low-fibre, bland food diet that was once recommended by doctors in the US to treat an upset stomach. However, it is now believed that this diet has the potential to do more harm than good - and health organisations no longer recommend it.

What is the BRAT diet?

The BRAT diet stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. It was first developed in the 1920s. Until recently, it was a a popular recommendation by American doctors for treating children with upset stomachs - a general term that describes a painful or uncomfortable stomach that's often caused by indigestion - or problems with your digestive tract.

Now, experts believe that this diet is too restrictive and lacks nutrients.

But why this seemingly random combination of foods? The idea of the BRAT diet is that these foods are gentle on the stomach. "The foods in this diet were previously thought to be simple, plain and bland foods which are easy to digest," explains Kirsten Jackson, a consultant dietitian at The Food Treatment Clinic and British Dietetic Association (BDA) member.

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), bland foods are1:

  • Easily digestible.
  • Soft in consistency.
  • Low-fibre.
  • Cooked.
  • Non-spicy.

Experts believed that people with upset stomach illnesses could benefit from a diet consisting solely of bland BRAT diet foods that:

  • Are gentle on your stomach - They are low in protein and fat, two nutrients which can be more difficult to digest when you have a stomach illness.
  • Make your poo firmer - They are low in fibre and are starchy which can help runny poos to bind together more easily2.
  • May reduce nausea - They are relatively bland in taste and smell. Certain people, like those experiencing pregnancy sickness, may find this more tolerable.

Despite the four foods in its name, the BRAT diet can include other bland food options.

BRAT diet food list for adults and children

What is the BRAT diet and why is it unsafe? (1)

When would the BRAT diet be recommended?

"The BRAT diet was recommended when someone was having digestive problems or symptoms," says Jackson. This includes using this low-fibre diet for an upset stomach.

Other stomach-related issues:

  • BRAT diet for stomach flu (gastroenteritis) - Despite being commonly called "stomach flu" this illness is not actually caused by the influenza virus but by various stomach bugs. This can cause pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
  • BRAT diet for diarrhoea - Loose, frequent, and unpredictable bowel movements can have a number of causes, including stomach flu, viral infections, anxiety, and drinking too much alcohol..
  • BRAT diet for acid reflux - Stomach acid rises up into the gullet (oesophagus) causing a burning sensation. This might occur when you eat too many high-fat or acidic foods or drink too much alcohol.

Limited evidence

There are no high-quality clinical trials on the effects of the BRAT diet. Instead, the basis for this low-fibre diet is founded on the research of specific bland foods. For example, there's evidence that both banana3 and rice soup4 can help to treat diarrhoea in children.

It follows that there is little to no research into how long you should follow the BRAT diet. Informal guidelines suggest re-introducing your regular diet after around 24 hours. It has never been recommended for prolonged or long-term use.

What is the BRAT diet and why is it unsafe? (2)

Can the MIND diet help keep our brains healthy?

What you eat can help keep your body and brain healthy. And whilst getting older is the biggest ...

  • Can the MIND diet help keep our brains healthy?

    5min

  • What is the Whole30 diet?

    9min

  • What is The Fast 800 diet?

    8min

  • What is the TLC diet and can it improve your heart health?

    7min

Why is the BRAT diet now considered too risky?

Too restrictive

Experts no longer recommend the BRAT diet for adults and children: "It is extremely restrictive so would lead to nutritional deficiencies," says Jackson.

In other words, the range of nutrients in BRAT diet foods are too limited. Not only can this slow your recovery from stomach illness, but it might also cause other serious health issues related to malnutrition. In extreme cases, there is some evidence that the diet can even result in severe malnutrition in young children5.

Even though bananas and rice are healthy foods, following a diet containing only those foods can affect your body in a negative way. In fact, a lack of nutrients can make diarrhoea worse, and this illness can also make it harder to absorb nutrients in your diet.

As a result, health organisations no longer recommend the BRAT diet, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Contain FODMAPs

"We also now know that foods like apple, bread, and bananas contain FODMAPs," adds Jackson. "These are types of carbohydrates which are broken down in the large bowel, causing more gas to be produced and more fluid to be drawn in. In people with digestive problems, this can cause symptoms of pain, bloating, and runny poos."

Better and safer ways to recover from stomach illness

When it comes to eating during stomach problems, the current medical advice is to continue consuming a balanced diet. It's also very important that you drink enough water to prevent dehydration, especially if you have vomiting or diarrhoea symptoms.

You can usually treat stomach-related symptoms at home

What is the BRAT diet and why is it unsafe? (7)

Your pharmacist can suggest further treatment options if symptoms of diarrhoea continue beyond 5-7 days and vomiting beyond 1-2 days. You should also seek their advice if you notice signs of dehydration, such as urine that's dark in colour and strong in smell.

They may recommend:

  • Powders that you mix with liquid that can help to rehydrate you.
  • Medicine that stops diarrhoea for a few hours.

Stomach bugs and viruses that can cause common upset stomach symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting, and pain can be very contagious. You or your child should stay at home and avoid going into work or school for 48 hours after the symptoms have cleared.

Further reading

  1. Weir and Akhondi: Bland diet.
  2. Ho et al: Stopping or reducing dietary fiber intake reduces constipation and its associated symptoms.
  3. Falcomer et al: Health benefits of green banana consumption: a systematic review.
  4. Kianmehr et al: The effect of G-ORS along with rice soup in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.
  5. Duro and Duggan: The BRAT diet for acute diarrhea in children: should it be used?
What is the BRAT diet and why is it unsafe? (2024)

FAQs

What is the BRAT diet and why is it unsafe? ›

The banana, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT) diet may help treat diarrhea, stomach flu, and other stomach complaints. However, many health professionals no longer recommend it due to the risk of nutrient and calorie deficiencies.

Why is the BRAT diet no longer recommended? ›

"The BRAT diet should never be followed for weight loss as its extremely low in protein, fiber, healthy fats, vitamin and minerals," urges Kristen Smith, MS, RDN, spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and registered dietitian at Piedmont Health.

What do doctors recommend instead of a BRAT diet? ›

The use of cereals, rice and milk as a stop-gap eating plan for stomach upset has been validated as a more effective remedy to manage diarrhea than the BRAT diet by recent research in hospitals in South America and Asia.

Are scrambled eggs on the BRAT diet? ›

Beverages should be clear liquids ( Sprite, 7-Up, Tea, Ginger Ale ). NO DAIRY PRODUCTS. Follow this diet until diarrhea subsides for 24 hours. You may then gradually add soft, bland foods ( Scrambled eggs, noodles, mashed potatoes ) as tolerated.

What 12 foods stop diarrhea? ›

Common Questions & Answers. What are some foods that are recommended to eat when you have diarrhea? The list includes simple foods like oatmeal, bananas, plain rice, applesauce, boiled potatoes, toast, plain crackers, pretzels, and baked chicken without skin or fat.

Why does applesauce stop diarrhea? ›

Bananas, rice, applesauce and toast are easy to digest, and eating these foods will help you hold down food. The fiber found in these foods will also help solidify your stool if you have diarrhea.

Is peanut butter part of brat? ›

Eat BRAT diet foods

Liquids: cranberry, apple and grape juice, tea (without caffeine), water. Snacks: canned peaches, pears, sweet potatoes, crackers, cream of wheat, eggs, gelatin, oatmeal, creamy peanut butter.

Is chicken noodle soup ok for a BRAT diet? ›

Clear Liquid/ Bland Diet

Both children and adults need to drink plenty of fluids while they're sick to prevent dehydration. Water is good, but adding broth, a sports drink, or a rehydration solution such as Pedialyte can help replace lost electrolytes. Broth or broth-based soups (chicken noodle, vegetable, etc.)

Can I put butter on my toast for a BRAT diet? ›

Toast is another easily digested, low fiber food that will help to firm up your stool. For added nutrition, you should feel free to spread jam on your toast if you can stomach it. You will probably want to avoid butter and peanut butter, as they are high in fat, which is hard on your stomach.

Is peanut butter good for diarrhea? ›

The IFFGD list a range of bland foods — including potatoes, noodles, yogurt, cream of wheat, some fruits and vegetables, and a small amount of peanut butter — that can increase nutrient content and electrolytes.

What kills the stomach virus? ›

There's often no specific medical treatment for viral gastroenteritis. Antibiotics aren't effective against viruses. Treatment first involves self-care measures, such as staying hydrated.

Can you eat bananas on a BRAT diet? ›

The BRAT (bananas, rice, apples, toast) diet is often recommended for patients suffering from diarrhea or the stomach flu. In addition to these foods, you may also consume other mild foods that ease the GI tract such as saltines, oatmeal, or boiled potatoes.

Can you put jelly on toast for a BRAT diet? ›

(DAY TWO) - Begin to add bland foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, crackers, cooked cereals (Farina, Cream of Wheat), toast and jelly. (DAY THREE) - Progress to a “regular” diet by adding such things as soft cooked eggs, sherbert, stewed fruits, cooked vegetables, white meat of chicken or turkey.

What foods soak up diarrhea? ›

Eating bland foods can help diarrhea clear quicker and prevent stomach upset and irritation. This can include bananas, plain white rice, applesauce, toast, boiled potatoes, unseasoned crackers, and oatmeal.

What causes explosive diarrhea after eating? ›

Bacteria can cause explosive diarrhea to occur after eating or drinking contaminated food or water. Bacteria that can cause diarrhea include Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli, which is commonly called E. coli. These bacteria can spread from person to person via unwashed hands and surfaces.

Is popcorn ok for diarrhea? ›

Avoid milk and dairy products, alcohol, coffee, tea and colas that contain caffeine. Avoid foods that make diarrhea and cramping worse: fatty, fried, greasy or spicy foods; high-fiber foods; dried fruits; beans; popcorn; nuts; peas and corn; and certain sugar-free candies.

Why has the BRAT diet lost favor? ›

The BRAT diet used to be a popular eating plan for children with an upset stomach. The diet is no longer as widely recommended because it's low in nutrients. When recovering from a stomach bug, the most important factor is staying hydrated. This article was reviewed by David S.

Is the BRAT diet bad for you? ›

Following the BRAT diet for a limited time is unlikely to cause significant harm, but people should avoid using the diet in the long term. Prolonged use of the BRAT diet may lead to malnutrition and low energy because it contains too few calories and not enough of the following vital nutrients: protein. fat.

How do you transition from BRAT diet to normal diet? ›

Progress to a “regular” diet by adding such things as soft cooked eggs, sherbert, stewed fruits, cooked vegetables, white meat of chicken or turkey. Avoid milk and dairy products for three days. Avoid fried, fatty, greasy and spicy foods. Avoid pork, veal, salmon and sardines.

References

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Edmund Hettinger DC

Last Updated:

Views: 6592

Rating: 4.8 / 5 (58 voted)

Reviews: 81% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Edmund Hettinger DC

Birthday: 1994-08-17

Address: 2033 Gerhold Pine, Port Jocelyn, VA 12101-5654

Phone: +8524399971620

Job: Central Manufacturing Supervisor

Hobby: Jogging, Metalworking, Tai chi, Shopping, Puzzles, Rock climbing, Crocheting

Introduction: My name is Edmund Hettinger DC, I am a adventurous, colorful, gifted, determined, precious, open, colorful person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.